Hydraulic gun



. April 313, 1948. A. GAMACHE HYDRAULIC 'GUN Filed Nov. 2, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. ,MAMA/ R. 6fm/46H5 l WM 3.

ATTORNEY A. R. GAMA-CHE HYDRAULIC 'GUN April 13, 194s.

Filed Nov. 2, 194:5 l 2 sheets-sheet 2 A Patented pr. 13, 1948 HYDRAULIC Armand R. Gamache, Springfield, Mass., assgnor to United States Rubber Company, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New Jersey Application November 2, 1943, Serial No` 508,753 3 Claims. (Cl. 222-123) This invention relates to an hydraulic gun adapted to set or expand hydraulic rivets by forcingliquid into the bore of a rivet under suilieient pressure to expand or blind set the protrudingLend of the rivet.

The Jakosky Patent No. 2,331,324 for Method of and apparatus for making rivets, discloses hollow rivets designed to be expanded or blind set by forcing a liquid into the bore of the rivet undersuicient pressure to expand hydraulically the end portion of the rivet remote to its head. The pressure required to expand hydraulically even a small aluminum rivet is very high and may amount` to 20,000 pounds per square inch or higher.

`The present invention contemplates a simple and light-weight hydraulic gun which may be easily operated by hand upon exerting a pressure of a few pounds upon a lever to thereby set a hollow rivet by producing in the bore thereof a pressure capable of causing the side walls of the rivet near an end thereof to expand outwardly and form a bulbous head.

Inorder to provide a gun wherein the application of a pressure of a few pounds upon a hand leverwould serve to produce in the gun a hydraulic pressure of many thousand pounds per square inch, operating mechanism especially designed for this purpose had to be worked out. Also when such high pressures are produced the pressure chamber must be especially designed throughout to withstand these pressures and threaded `parts adjacent the chamber must not be directly exposed to these high pressures, be-V cause even when the tightest threads are used the hydraulic fluid will nd its way along the threads and escape.

One object of the present invention `isto provide a hydraulic gun for expanding or blind set-l ting hydraulic rivets, which gun willweigh only a few pounds, may be quickly and easily engaged with each rivet tov be set and operated by hand to expand the rivet by exerting a few pounds of pressure on a lever attached to the gun. Another object of thepresent inventionis to provide a gun of the above type whereby a meassured quantity of hydraulic liquid may be forced into the hollow rivet so as to expand the rivet a predetermined amount, and also to provide the gun with adjustable means whereby this meassured quantity may be increased or decreased to` thereby vary the amount of expansion imparted tothe rivet, or to adjust the gun to expand .different size rivets. Y v Another object of the invention is to provide ,bore ofthe rivet.

an hydraulic gun for forcing liquid into the bore of an hydraulic expandable rivet, and comprising a gun body having an end portion formed with a pressure chamber and a pointed apertured end adapted` to seat in the entrance to the bore of the rivet to form a liquid tightengagement therewith, and which gunis provided with a pressure producing plunger slidable in the pressure chamber through a stulling box and the chamber has a onewaygvalve 1through` which the hydraulic liquid is supplied at will to the chamber, so that when thegun chamber` `is filled `and the plunger is advanced to subject -theliquid in the chamber to h igh pressu re,xt ;heV liquid will be prevented fromu escapingthrough the stuing box 4or valve andwill be forced `from the end 4of the gun into the hollow rlvetto expand the-rivet.`

Another Qbject of fthe invention is to provide a toggle lever for advancing` the plunger `in the chamber' to establish therein the desired extremely high pressure, and in a hand operated lever adaptedto move the toggle lever from the bent to its'l straight 1position and thereby produce a maximum thrust upon the plunger, `Another object is to provide adjustable means adjacent to one end of the toggle lever which may be .readily adjusted to increase or decrease the amount of movement imparted to the plungerby a complete operation of the hand lever; Another object is to provide a pressure indicating head yieldingly attached to an end of the gun and operable to indicate Ato the user ofthe gun when it is seated Y againstlthe rivet head with suflicient force to form a liquid-tight engagement therewith,V and still anotherobject is to provide locking means under the control of said head which prevents the plunger operating lever from being actuated until the end of the gun is firmly seated in the The above andother objects of the invention and novel arrangement` of parts will be more fully ,understood from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein is "shown one good practical embodiment oftheinvention,

In the drawings:

Fig. lisa side'elevation` of an hydraulic gun constructed in accordance with the present invention and shown inengagement with a rivet, andconnected by'fa flexible tubewith the liquid supply pressure receptacle.

Fig. 2 cna larger scale is a longitudinal secthe pressure chamber portion of the gun of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 4 is an enlarged end view of the gun of Fig. 1 looking toward the rivet engaging end thereof; and

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of locking means ShQwninFie- ,2f A,

An hydraulic gun as herein;contei'nplated.v may be given various embodiments since the essential features thereof are small, and the gen-A eral shape and size of most of the parts of the gun depend largely upon the size desired forcon-A Venience in handling the gun and setting rivets.

The hydraulic gun illustrated m tnedrawnfgsg r' l has the gun body ID which may consist ofkaiiuleV of steel or other suitable material. and A.vvliichi'sVv externally threaded at one end as indicated by i II and internally threaded at the other end as indicated by I2. The gunnbody I0 has secured to the threaded end 112.1', erf theend portion- I 3 Wh is 'adedly s ur'e'd-t eret'ofand part of' the end portv lf3 isreduced india-meter tol provide` the iiozzle' er* end I54'- lisA pointed'y asindicatedatlftoseat inlth'e ent-raicev yto the i. t ,n i? gli 3i *The e a longitudinally Ioifor'm the lpres-` and leading" outwardly frein `vl niuelii a 'smaller disch i the pl providing. the. head 26 Aat th arge' fiole of the operator, each time the pointed end I5 of the gun is engaged with the rivet to be expanded or set. It is also important to so construct the chamber I6 that the liquid cannot escape there- 5 from even when subjected to the high pressure required to expand the rivet except by passing outwardly thrqueh the aperture Il; .l

,The r'ore intthe construction the end portion I'i's'provided witir the lateral' passage 29 leading into the chamber I6 and theflow of "liquid through this passage is controlled by the "oneeway Valve 39, best shown in Fig. 3, and which is spe ally constructed to withstand the high 'gtofwliI li;it' is subjected. This valve 'rledby drilling a relatively large 'arezprotectedby the taperedipiug Se from L .y'draulic pressure.'` .'Tlfi'elplugi 32 hasf'leIi-L 251 tral liquid passage and at the end theireoffis provided aftapredseiat :tg-'ain whichtlfe conical v valve 'am .normally seated: blyl co edspnrng: valt/; 3.:is:shnwn as havingea relativen j stern eeaeaptedtczprvt this valt torn ne er alignment,witnlitsvseat: v

cutwamiy extending. tubular porticnx limitar-zii t "fre ed' connect Il* or 'hole` laterally 'Inf thend portion I3 in alignment with therpassagewZ-Qand the bottom of this hole is taperedas at 3| to receive a correspondingly taperednretal plug 32 which is accurately iitted to the tapered seat 3I, amd the plug 32 is rmly the flexible hose 46 having one end attached to the block 38 and theother endattached tothe pressure tank 41 to be `described.` V l `I't will be seen from thefforegoing that the hydraulic chamber I6 can'befilled withhydraulic liquid whenever desired by momentarily depressing the push button 43.` v

The high operating pressure is produced inthe chamber I6, when desired, by advancing the plunger 20 within thechamber I6, from the positionin whichit is shown in Fig. 2 to the position in "which itis shownin Fig. 3, and since the fluid displacing action of this plunger asit is advanced is relied upon to produce the high hydraulic pressure in the chamber I6, means must be provided for exerting a powerful forwardmovement upon the plunger 20. One highly satisfactory form of operating means to `this end will now be described.

. Within the tubular gun` body l there is mounted the sliding head consisting ofthe longitudinally extending shaft 48 which is provided near its opposite endswith the disks i9 and 5.6 which nts` slidably within the tube I8, `and one end of the shaft 48 has a hole formed therein to receive one end of the plunger 20 which is secured therein bythe set screw I, vMovement of this sliding head away from `the hydraulic pressure chamber I6 is arrested by the stop 52 and this slidinghead is continuously urged towards the stop 52 by the coil spring 53 which is housed within the tube I0. v

Movementof this sliding head in the opposite direction is secured `by providing the toggle link consisting of the link members `54 and 55 which are pivotally` connected one to the other at 56. One end of this toggle link 54, 55 is pivotally scf, cured tothe shaft 48 at 5'I"and the other end of this toggle. link is pivotally secured at 58 to the disk member 59 mounted for limited sliding movement in the end portion of the tube I6. Operating movement is imparted to the toggle link in a direction to straighten the same by the bolt 68 which extends transversely of the gun and outwardly through an opening 6I formed through the tube I0. One end of this bolt 68 is connected to the pin 5S of the toggle link and the other end is threaded and is providedwith a nut 62 that is adapted to receive the pressure of the short arm 63 of the manually operated lever 64 that is pivoted at 65 to ears 66 extending laterally from the tube IIJ.

The threaded end II of the gun body I0 has threaded thereupon the cap 61 which forms a stop to arrest the movement of the disk 59 when the lever 64 is actuated to straighten out the toggle link. A spring 68 confined between the cap 61 and disk 59 normally holds the toggle link in the bent condition in which it is shown in Fig. 2. The arrangement is such that when the lever 64 starts to move towards the dotted line position in which it is shown in Fig. 1 it will start to` straighten out the toggle link. This will move the disk 59 towards the cap 61 until it abuts iirmly thereagainst, whereupon the further straightening out of this toggle will advance the plunger 20 in the chamber I5 with suiiicient force to build up a tremendous pressure in this chamber. As soon as the manual pressure upon the lever 64 that urges it towards the gun body is released, the parts will return to the position in which they are shown in Fig. 2 under the spreading action of the springs 53 and 68.

The amount of movement imparted to the plunger 20 in the chamber I6, when the lever 64 is moved from the full to the dotted position 4of" Fig.. 1, `may be varied as desired by rotating the cap 61 relative to the `tube y 0 to which `it is threaded, to thereby move this cap toward or from the disk-59. This will control the' amount of movement imparted `to the plunger 28 by the toggle link. When the cap 61 is rotated tothe desired position of adjustment, itis locked in this position by tightening the set screw 69,

It is important that the tapered end [I5 of the gun be firmly seated against the head 23 of the rivet to form a liquid type seal before the lever 64 is depressed to subject the liquid 2| in the rivet 22 to the rivet expanding pressure. In order that the operator may be sure that he is exerting sufcient pressure upon the rivet before he operates the lever 64, the gun shown is provided with the -sliding head 1I) havinghthebarrel portion 1I that slidably embraces `the cap 61 so that this head may slide lengthwise oi.l the `gun a short distance, determine by the length of the slots 124 formed in the barrell 1I and which slots receivethe screws 13 that are screwed into the cap 61. `The head 18 is continuously urged away from-the outer end of the cap 61 by the coiled spring 14.

rIhe construction of the gun is such that jthe gun body II)` may beconveniently grasped in the left hand so that the push button 43 may be de-i pressed when desired by the thumb, and the lever 64 may be operated by the ngers. The headyli ofthe gun is grasped in the right hand. As soon as the point I5 of the gun has been engaged with the Ahead ofthe rivet, as shown for example in Fig. 1, sufficient pressure should be exerted by the right hand on the head 10 to compress the spring 14 and cause this head to strike againstV the end of the cap 61. This striking of the head against the cap indicates to the gun operator that he is Aexerting suiicient pressure rupon the gun to cause its point I5 to form a liquid typeconnection with the rivet. I-Ie then depressestne button 43 momentarily to fill the bore of the rivetand the gun chamber I6 with the hydraulic liquid. He is thenk ready to expand hydraulically the rivet 22 by depressing the lever 64, and since the operating liquid is supplied to` the gun under pressure, the momentary opening of the valve 42 will fill the chamber I6 and the hollow rivet 22. Therefore, the moment the plunger 28 starts to advance in the chamber I6 under the operation of the lever 64 it will begin to place' this liquid under high pressure and start expanding the rivet 22.

The amount the rivet will be expanded may be accurately controlled by rotating the cap 61 in one direction or the other upon the tube I0 as described. It will be seen from the foregoing that the operations of the gun to set a rivet are extremely simple, and they do not require a manual pressure upon the lever 64 or head16 of more than a few pounds. It has been found in practice that an experienced operator can set nearly sixty rivets per minute.

When a beginner starts using the gun he may have a tendency to depress the lever 64 before the head 10 has been fully depressed, in which case the point I5 of the gun may not be engaged with the rivet with sufficient force to prevent the liquid that is forced into the rivet from escaping at the entrance to the rivet, in which case the rivet will not be hydraulically expanded. To overcome this difficulty the gun may be provided with the slide 15 which is normally urged by the spring 16 to the position in which it is shown in Fig. 2

so that it will overlie a projection 11 upon the aaeaee leoltl A to fthereby hold the-lever YB5 "from-being actuated l'until' the headl 10--isdepressedl sumeientlyto engage thefe'ndfl of thee/11de 16 and move this sli-de to the bolt A-relesis-ingposition.

f While the guna of fthepresentsinvention may be 4used to hvdr'auliealivset:rivets-of var-ioussizes, it is -ooriteiriplfated -thvat"t11-eA grin Wilbusua-llyfb'e empioyedto-set small -vrivetsthe shan-ks ofiwhlchhave .an outside'diameterof-lessrthari-V- amr-an inch When Jthese r'small= rivets are-being-setthe operator lShel-iidhe able 'to Work alldaywithout using as muori` as a-pintv-ef Ioil-or other'hydraulic operatirigliquids. IThereiore; fthe lliqoidfsuppiy tank `41 may be quite email eiid'ean be- Uonveni entlyfstrappedto xthe Voperators 'beit or otherwise carriedsby the rit/eter.

- In 'prepari-ng to--eperatetih'e-gun the-tanken should be11ed=about=ffe -fuli iwith oil'foreother operating liquid. "This/maybe. tiene removing the sorewvplug 1B, 'which' plugshouldvberepiaced after the desired-amount ofi-liquid has-beeninlJI-'duc'ed'ito 'the tank 711. vThis iq'ud isnt-hen placed under pressure b3? 'forcing air `'iritoftfhi tank above the liquidV th'ertghfthe-soohr'iecton 80 whieh mayy be Similar to that i`of Lthe air Yvalve of `the ordinary pneumatic ltre; f The'fgauge "Blrw'ill'fs'how the pressure Within 'thet'eir'iky which 'preferably should bemain'taifned between 3o and -fiir-rm1-i1ifls per square ineh, Ias laltrovestated as Ithis-is'round Chamb er I 'fi-*When #the -butt'orr it *is* momentarily depress-ed. Since the diseharge aperture "i1 `is extremely smali theoil 2i: w'ihnot drain "from the chamber -1 6 l when fthe "gun ie removed fromv a rivet-therefore not rmi-eh hydrauliefiquid-is deed s adjiistablestopat one end-'ofthe toggle'totherebv vary 4the amount 'of movement Vimparted -to the plunger by straightening the `togfigle'so `astoA deliver jan adjustable: measured quantity ofliquid '2. Air hydraulic guniforj forcing Yair'iualitity ofwliqiiidv into the bore,oianjhydraulieexpanda# bl'erivet, .comprising a gun body. having. an end portion lforiried. Wi-th. a,4 pressure chamberiand a pointedv aperturedvvfend adapted toeseatin Athe entrance etowsaidihoref landfa spressure; receiving head-,yieldingly attached tothe gun- ;and operable to :indicate: ;to thai/:user Lof the; gun when'fiteis Y seated vagai-nstethe rivet by efforce: in excessof a ldeniteseleetedfforce.

3i-:An hydraulic; 'gun ifor iforcing a.: ralentit-,yiI of lliquidi into-:the fborerzof fan.hydraulic':expandable rivet, comprising a gun body having an eridfpor-l tiongiformed ywith apressureefchamberzand a pointed. 'apertured `fend ,..adaiptedito '.seati :im the entrance to saidA bore,- a -pl'ungerslidable imsaid chamber; a-Vmanualymoperable laverier movi-ng theplungerforward-in the e'haniber toe-.force fthe lier-uid^tiierefrom, Vailcrokfiorirxorrrialllyholding the leveririoperative; aid-aspressure receiving head yieldinglyfmounted on thefgun arid operable when REFERENCES orrori 'f:UNITEDsTATEsf-eammrre 

